?? ???? ?? ??????? ??ig?? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????: ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??-?? ????? ?? UNI, ?? ??? ???????? ??????, ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????. ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????????, ?? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? UNI EN 12165. ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ????????????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???, ?? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????. ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??. ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??-??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?-15–20 ???? ?? ?? ?????. ????? ?????? ??????? REACH ?????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????. ?? ????? ?-12–18 ???? ????? ??????, ?? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????, ????? ???? ????? ???, ????? ????? ?? ??????. ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ????, ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ?-500,000 ?????? – ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ????????, ??? ?????? ?? ?-200,000 ???????. ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????, ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?????.
????? ???? ?????? ?????? (TCO) ?-15 ??? ???? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? — ?? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ????, ??? ????? ???? ??.
| ???? ????? | ?????? ???????? ???? ??????? | ?????? ???????? |
|---|---|---|
| ????? ??????? | 120–180 ???? | 350–600 ???? |
| ?????? ??????? | ?????? ?? ???? ????? | 0 |
| ?????? ?????? | ??????? ?????? ?? ??????/??????? | ????? ?????? ???? ???? |
| ???? ????? | 900$+ (15 ???) | <$200 |
| ?????? ?????? ????? 15 ????? | $1,400+ | $750 |
???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????, ???? ????????? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????. ????? ???, ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????. ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????, ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ????. ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????????, ?????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????. ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ????, ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ???, ?? ???? ??? – ??????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????. ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???, ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??????. ???? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ??, ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????. ????? ???, ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???.
????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ??? UNI EN 12165, ??? ???? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?????, ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ???????. ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??-??? ??? UNI. ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????????????, ??? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???, ?? ?????? ?? ?? ????. ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????. ?? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?????, ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????, ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???. ?? ????????? ???? ????? ????????? ?????? ???????, ????? ?? ???????, ???????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ???????, ????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??????.
????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??????, ?? ????? ?? ??? ??. ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?-1,200 ????? ??????? ???????? ???? 22 ???, ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????. ?? ?-5% ??? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????, ????? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ?????, ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????. ??????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??????. ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ????, ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?-20 ?"?/?, ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????, ????? ?? 450 ?"?/?. ?????? ????, ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????. ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??????, ???? ?? ???? ???????? ????, ??? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???????. ?? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???, ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ????. ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???, ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??????, ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???????, ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????.
???? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ??????. ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?? Zillow ???? 2023, ????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?-3.2% ???? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????. ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????. ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???, ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? – ??? ?? ????? ???. ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?????: ????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????, ?????? ????? ??? ????????? ???? ???????, ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? PVD. ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????. ?????? ???"? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??????. ??????? ????, ???? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?-11% ??? ????. ?????, ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? – ????? ????? ??? ????? ????????. ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ???????: ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ????, ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????.
????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ????. ????? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ????, ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ????. ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??? 5 ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?-3 ??, ?? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?-2025. ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ????. ???? ????? ?? ?????????? ????? ???? 2023 ???? ???????? (320 ?? ????) ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ???????. ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????. ?? ??? ???? ????? ?-74 ???? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????, ?? ?????? ??-1,100 ???? ???? 15 ???. ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??? ????? ???? ???????: ?? ????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????, ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???, ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???.
EN